Why it’s Important
Understanding Oral Cancer: Prevalence and Risks
Oral cancer accounts for about 2.9% of all cancer cases in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 51,000 people across the country will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year, and sadly, around 10,000 lives will be lost to the disease.
Oral cancer can develop anywhere in the mouth or facial area, but it’s most commonly found on the tongue, tonsils, gums, floor of the mouth, lips, inside the cheeks, or on the hard palate. While anyone can develop oral cancer, men are twice as likely as women to be affected, particularly those over 50 who smoke heavily and drink alcohol frequently. Other risk factors include exposure to UV rays, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), previous radiation treatment to the head and neck, exposure to certain chemicals, and poor diet. Although the death rate from oral cancer has been decreasing due to early detection and better treatments, there has been a rise in oropharyngeal cancer linked to the spread of the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer
As part of a thorough dental exam, your dentist will screen for signs of oral cancer. The process begins with a review of your medical and dental history, followed by questions about any changes in your oral or overall health. The dentist will then carefully examine your mouth, head, and neck for any of the following signs that might indicate a problem:
- Mouth sores or ulcers that don’t heal
- Lumps in the mouth or neck
- Red or white patches in the mouth
- Persistent swelling with no clear cause
- Painful swallowing, a sore tongue, or ongoing ear or neck pain
- A constant sensation that something is stuck in your throat
- Numbness or tenderness in the mouth or lips
- Loose teeth
- Jaw pain or stiffness
If the dentist finds any suspicious areas or unusual symptoms, they will refer you for a more detailed evaluation. Catching oral cancer early gives you the best chance for a successful outcome.
